Electrowinning and electrorefining are widely used for copper, nickel, zinc, lead, cobalt, and manganese dioxide production. Hazen specialists have experience with all of these.
Hazen has provided analytical services for the uranium mining and processing industries since the early 1960s.
QEMSCAN® uses advanced electron beam technology and combines this with high-resolution backscattered electron (BSE) imaging and two energy dispersive spectrometers (EDS).
Our Analytical Services support a wide variety of mineral projects, from exploration and assessment of prospects to process development, pilot plant operation, and final product characterization.
Hazen offers a full suite of services to those interested in assaying for precious metals and platinum group metals (PGMs).
Most of the electricity produced in the United States is generated by burning coal. Nearly one billion tons of coal are mined each year.
The limiting factor in analytical accuracy is frequently the quality of sample preparation rather than the precision of the analytical procedure.
The Hazen Analytical Laboratory holds certifications from various state regulatory agencies and from the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
Below are photomicrographs taken through the optical microscope during process studies. Leitz Orthoplan Microscope
This information cannot be obtained by x-ray diffraction or optical microscopy. The electron microprobe and high-resolution SEM are essential for process mineralogy problem solving; we have used them
Two problems that were readily solved by x-ray diffraction analysis are discussed below. Talc is a major ingredient in certain cosmetic products.
Gravity separation, relies on the difference in density of the mineral and the gangue.
At Hazen, our knowledge and experience in this field include the commonplace and the exotic.
While gravity separation and froth flotation are two important processes for mineral beneficiation, other methods can be used to concentrate minerals and separate them from gangue and each other.
Comminution is a critical component of most mineral processing flowsheets and serves several purposes, including: Liberating valuable minerals that are locked within waste rock
For thousands of years, the mechanical energy used by mankind came from animals and man's own muscles, with minor contributions from wind and water.
Hazen has been a key contributor in the characterization of contaminants and remedial action process development for numerous contaminated sites.
Hazen has performed the necessary laboratory experiments and pilot plant operations to provide vendors with the data necessary to design commercial crystallizers.
Adsorption on activated carbon is the most widely used method to recover gold from cyanide solutions.
The leaching process may employ one of a variety of chemicals such as dilute sulfuric acid, dilute aqueous cyanide, or other reagents.
Many hydrometallurgical processes contain one or more precipitation steps. Hazen has extensive expertise in developing and piloting precipitation processes.
The liquor is contacted with an organic solvent, chosen for its selectivity towards the element or elements of interest.
Examples of this include pressure oxidation (POX) of sulfide ores and concentrates, high-pressure acid leaching (HPAL) of nickel laterites, and wet-air oxidation of organics.
A variety of solid-liquid separation options are available, including screening, settling, filtration, and centrifuging, depending on the size and physical characteristics of the solids in the slurry.
Hazen Research provides a wide selection of analytical services. Our clients include public and private organizations worldwide as well as individuals.
Practical processes for the efficient recovery of metals and minerals from ores are a fundamental requirement for the health of any industrial society.
Hazen studies, tests, and develops new mineral beneficiation methods.
Our beginning and early growth more than 50 years ago were based largely on our skill and experience in hydrometallurgy.
Hazen Research’s Thermal Processing department assists in the development of new and existing thermal process flowsheets for engineering, mining, chemical, waste treatment, and various other clients w
Many other methods have been used for minerals beneficiation. Electrostatic separation utilizes the difference in electrical conductivity between the mineral and the gangue.